نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال سیزدهم شماره 116 (خرداد 1392)

This research was conducted for the analysis and the comparison between marital satisfaction and emotional stress with cognitive social support in parents having mentally-retarded children and those with normal children. The method of this research is casual comparative. The samples of the research included two groups of 50 parents having mentally-retarded children and normal ones. The selection of parents with normal children was done using a clustering method and mass counting was the method used for the selection of parents having mentally-retarded children. To conduct the research, child rearing mental pressure, marital satisfaction and cognitive social support Questionnaires were used. The results were analyzed using the independent T statistical tests, Pearson and Regression correlation. The findings of the research confirmed the correlation between emotional stress and marital satisfaction of parents with normal children and those having mentally-retarded children. Parents of mentally-retarded children, suffer from more emotional stress. At the meantime, parents of mentally-retarded children, compared to those having normal children have a lower level of marital satisfaction. However, as far as cognitive social support is concerned, there was no significant change. Also, the results indicated that the correlation between the emotional stress and marital satisfaction variables between the two groups of parents was negative and the correlation between cognitive social support and marital satisfaction of parents having normal children was significant; in mentally-retarded children, the correlation was not significant.The results of Regression analysis indicated that the effect of emotional stress and the educational level over the marital satisfaction is significant.The results of this research indicated that the increase in the emotional stress of parents as a result of having mentally-retarded children, ended in a decrease in marital satisfaction. In other words, marital satisfaction could depend on whether there is a mentally-retarded child, in the family. Therefore, it is possible to teach those parents methods of decreasing stress through education and counseling.

In this research, the researcher has made a comparison between intellectual aptitude and mental health in mothers having deaf, blind and normal children. The method of research was, casual, comparative and correlational. The statistical pool of this research included mothers of deaf, blind and normal children at the intermediate school level during 89-90 academic year in the city of Kermanshah.The samples included 70 mothers having normal children, 70 mothers having blind children and 70 mothers having deaf children who were selected by the method of multi-cluster random sampling. The tools used in this project were King's intellectual aptitude scale (SISRI-24) and mental health questionnaire (SCL-90-R). The data were analyzed using the one-way and correlational analytical variances. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between intellectual aptitude and mental health among mothers having deaf, blind and normal children and intellectual aptitude can determine the mental health of these mothers.

The purpose of this research is to analyze hearing disorder on some characteristics of echoistic sound in two peer groups of children having hearing disorder and normal ones having the same age and gender. This is an analytical-descriptive sectional study about a range of children having mild to severe symptoms of hearing loss and normal children. The data related to the characteristics of echoistic sound was collected using speech studio software and larynograph. The T test was wed to compare the mean of each of the parameters in mind between the two groups. In children with a hearing loss, the basis of the frequency mean was 323.ok compared to the control group's which was 267.53. The frequency change was 10.5% compared to 1.52%. The duration of silence compared to 17.02 was 29.40%. The friction period was 17.55% compared to 34.52% and the duration of making sound was 14.71% compared to 28.65%. There was a significant difference (P>0.0001) between the basis frequency, periodical changes of the vocal cords vibration, the duration of silence, the friction period and sound making between the 2 groups.

Usually, learning disorder impedes any progress in gaining academic skills. A huge population of students having learning disorder is, academically behind the same age students. Nearly, a third of them have failed. On the other hand, academic problem is one of the warning signs of academic Failure. Therefore, by detecting those students having learning disorder and taking appropriate measures for helping these students, it is possible to prevent multiple academic problems including reading, writing and spelling during pre and post studies. Taking into account, the fact that reading and writing in today's world being a vital necessity and the person having problems in these two essential skills, will suffer a very undesirable situation. Therefore, in teaching students having reading and writing disorders, there is a need to utilize appropriate academic methods. This article is about introducing learning disorder in reading, writing and spelling. Also academic methods and useful treatment applications have been presented in this article.

Employment, having a vocation and independent living for individuals Mentally Retarded is an important and necessary factor. Employment plays an important role in the transition of these individuals from school to work and adult period. However, the recent statistics indicate that there are problems in hiring these people. The researchers conducted in this matter indicate that almost every person mentally Retarded are jobless or have not been able to find any jobs after graduating from high school. Individuals Mentally Retarded have to face many obstacles for employment. Our goal in this article is to study some of the internal and external factors plus some cognitive and conformity problems in the employment of individuals Mentally Retarded.

The purpose of teaching religious concepts to exceptional students is to teach them the skills, methods and applications that make the teaching of religious concepts fruitful and brings them in touch with reality.In fact, the most important and most difficult stage of this teaching process is to determine and recognize the teaching methods of religious concepts considering the cognitive, motivational and emotional peculiarities of these individuals.One of the important and effective methods in teaching religious concepts to exceptional students is using varieties of examples to make understanding abstract issues easy for those students who are at a low level as far as cognition and emotional development are concerned. Using narration of stories is interesting because they are fascinated with stories. Using theatrical methods is also, tremendously, effective and religious concepts can be taught theatrically in a very clear and easy method to exceptional children or students.

The concept of attention deficit, motion control and perception disorders have been under clinical study for about 20 years in Scandinavia.The symptoms of attention deficit, motion control and perception disorders are diagnosed based on the simultaneous attention deficit disorder/ hyperactivity and growth disorder in children who are not having severe learning disorder or brain paralysis. In the worst case scenario, this disorder includes 1.5% of the total population of school children. Boys, in general, show most of the symptoms of this disorder and girls are usually not diagnosed. The problems and conditions of many Co morbidity such as behavior disorder, depression, anxiety and academic failure are some of the symptoms. Also, there is a strong correlation between autism disorders and the symptoms of attention deficit, motion control and perception.Family factors and endangering pre-natal conditions are very important in this disorder. Endangering social and emotional factors result in the increase of acute psychological abnormalities such as attention deficit, motion control and comprehension disorders. In a study, the social psychological disorders have been observed in adults who have not received treatment. There are effective and accessible interventions for many of these problems seen as attention deficit, motion control and comprehension disorders.